Dependent variables change based on other inputs in financial models, affecting investment outcomes. Independent variables like earnings affect dependent variables, influencing metrics like P/E ratios ...

Both in the mathematical sense and in the business world, an independent variable is one that stands alone and is not affected by outside forces. When it comes to evaluating cost in business, ...

In the first case, there is a strong upward-sloping relationship between X and Y; in the second case, no apparent relationship; in the third case, a strong downward-sloping relationship. Note the ...