May 6, 2020 · Rivers, estuaries, and deltas are key to understanding the chemical structure of seawater, and are home to some of the world's most diverse ecosystems.

Apr 11, 2024 · What are mid-ocean ridges? Mid-ocean ridges form the longest mountain range in the world, nearly all of which lies beneath the sea. These ridges crisscross the world’s oceans like …

Sep 16, 2019 · In this issue of Oceanus, we talk about the science behind brackish water and estuaries. Learn about the transitions of salt water to fresh water.

Dec 19, 2024 · The ocean water column is made up of five zones: the sunlight (epipelagic), twilight (mesopelagic), midnight (bathypelagic), abyssal (abyssopelagic) and hadal zones (trenches).

Now that the newly upgraded Alvin has resumed operations, a pilot and scientist describe how some of the new features of the submersible are changing the way they are using the vehicle.

Nov 19, 2025 · A healthy reef protects coastlines from wave damage, plays a critical role in providing food, boosts the economy, and provides materials for pharmaceuticals.

Apr 11, 2024 · What are Seamounts? Seamounts are underwater mountains that rise hundreds or thousands of feet from the seafloor. They are generally extinct volcanoes that, while active, created …

Nov 16, 2004 · Changes to the shoreline are inevitable and inescapable. Shoals and sandbars become islands and then sandbars again. Ice sheets grow and shrink, causing sea level to fall and rise as …

Oct 31, 2024 · The ocean twilight zone is a layer of water that stretches around the globe. It lies 200 to 1,000 meters below the ocean surface, just beyond the reach of sunlight.

May 7, 2025 · What is the carbon cycle? Carbon makes up the backbone of all life on Earth. It’s found in the cells of all living things, is abundant in rocks and sediments, and is also found in the atmosphere …