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  1. Henrietta Swan Leavitt | Biography & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 8, 2025 · Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer known for her discovery of the relationship between period and luminosity in Cepheid variables, pulsating stars that vary regularly in brightness …

  2. Maria Mitchell | Biography & Accomplishments | Britannica

    Oct 27, 2025 · Astronomy is the study of objects and phenomena beyond Earth, whereas cosmology is a branch of astronomy that studies the origin of the universe and how it has evolved. For example, …

  3. Benjamin Banneker | Letter to Jefferson, Clock, Almanac, & Facts ...

    Nov 5, 2025 · Benjamin Banneker (born November 9, 1731, Banneky farm [now in Oella], Maryland [U.S.]—died October 19? [see Researcher’s Note], 1806, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.) was a …

  4. Edwin Hubble | Biography, Discoveries, Education, & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 16, 2025 · Edwin Hubble, American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy and is generally regarded as the leading observational cosmologist of the …

  5. Biography, Discoveries, Accomplishments, & Facts - Britannica

    Nov 6, 2025 · Hipparchus (born, Nicaea, Bithynia [now Iznik, Turkey]—died after 127 bce, Rhodes?) was a Greek astronomer and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the …

  6. List of astronomers | Britannica

    It includes scientists who received degrees in astronomy, who made significant contributions to the study of astronomy, or who built astronomical instruments, as well as those whose work in other areas of …

  7. Ptolemy | Accomplishments, Biography, & Facts | Britannica

    Oct 31, 2025 · Ptolemy was an astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who lived during the 2nd century CE. He is known for his geocentric (Earth-centred) model of the universe.

  8. Galileo | Biography, Discoveries, Inventions, & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 27, 2025 · Galileo was a natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials and to the …

  9. Hypatia | Death, Facts, & Biography | Britannica

    Nov 28, 2025 · Hypatia is famous for being the greatest mathematician and astronomer of her time, for being the leader of the Neoplatonist school of philosophy in Alexandria, for spectacularly overcoming …

  10. How Was the Universe Created? - Encyclopedia Britannica

    Nov 11, 2025 · Components of the Earth-orbiting International Space Station use a “dust bumper,” or Whipple shield (named for its inventor, the American astronomer Fred Whipple), to guard against …